Common Breastfeeding Complications
Breastfeeding is natural, but it’s not always easy — and you are not alone if you’re struggling. Many families experience challenges during the first few weeks, and with the right support, most issues can be resolved. Below are six of the most common breastfeeding concerns I see as a Lactation Consultant in San Marcos and across North County San Diego, along with practical tips to help you feel more confident.
1. Poor Latch (Breastfeeding Shouldn’t Hurt!)
A deep, comfortable latch is the foundation for pain-free breastfeeding and good milk transfer. Signs of a shallow latch include clicking sounds, nipple pain, or baby seeming frustrated at the breast.
Tips:
Hold baby with their nose to your nipple.
Wait until baby opens mouth wide.
Bring your baby to your breast (not the other way around).
Make sure baby takes in more than just the nipple, with lips flanged out and chin touching your breast.
If pain persists beyond the first few sucks, unlatch and try again.
2. Cracked or Sore Nipples
Sore nipples are common in the first week, but severe pain or bleeding usually means something is off with positioning or latch.
Tips:
Correct the latch first — soreness won’t go away without fixing the cause.
Make sure to frequently change breast pads, use a comfortable cotton bra and avoid harsh soaps
If pain occurs- hand express a few drops of milk and let them air dry on your nipples after feeding. You can also apply olive oil
A lactation consultant can guide you on using nipple shields, hydrogel pads and other options
3. Engorgement
Engorgement happens when your breasts are overly full, often around day 3–5 postpartum. This can make it hard for your baby to latch. Keep feeding baby on demand (every 1-3 hours)
Tips:
Hand express or pump just enough to soften the breast before latching.
Apply warm compresses before feeding and cold packs after.
If you are experiencing this after the first week of life, or if this does not resolve in 4-7 days, see a lactation consultant for assistance.
4. Plugged Ducts & Mastitis Spectrum
Clogged milk ducts can cause sore, hard lumps and sometimes progress to mastitis (inflammation or infection of the breast). You may also see reddening of the skin
Tips:
You can prevent by wearing a comfortable and supportive bra with no underwire, alternating the breast you offer first, and pump or feed at least every 1-3 hours.
Continue to offer feedings, including on the affected side. . Do not increase pumping or breastfeeding more than what the baby needs.
Apply a cold/cool compress, and use very gentle massage for comfort. Discuss anti-inflammatory medication like Advil with your medical provider
Consider meeting with a lactation consultant very quickly if these symptoms arise, it can be easier to manage with early intervention
If you develop fever, chills, or flu-like symptoms, contact your healthcare provider immediately
5. Low Milk Supply
Many parents worry about supply, but true low milk production is less common than it seems.
Tips:
Make sure baby is latching effectively and feeding at least 8–12 times per day.
Offer both breasts at each feeding and avoid long stretches without feeding.
Skin to skin can increase supply, as well as baby wearing and nipple stimulation.
Learn baby hunger and satiety cues; this can help you know if the baby is getting enough.
If you’re concerned, a weighted feed with a lactation consultant can assess milk transfer.
6. Thrush (Yeast Overgrowth)
Thrush can cause nipple pain, shiny or flaky skin, and a burning sensation during or after feeds. Baby may have white patches in their mouth that don’t wipe away.
Tips:
Both baby and parent need treatment to prevent reinfection.
Wash pump parts, bras, and towels in hot water daily.
Consult with your pediatrician or OB for appropriate treatment options.
When to Get Help
If you’re experiencing ongoing pain, baby isn’t gaining weight as expected, or you’re simply feeling overwhelmed, personalized support can make all the difference. Breastfeeding is a natural and incredible part of parenting, but it can also be challenging. If you're having a hard time, you're not alone—and support is available.
💛 I provide in-home visits in San Marcos, Carlsbad, Oceanside, Vista, Escondido, Encinitas, and nearby North County San Diego communities. Virtual visits are available for anyone in California. Schedule your free consultation to get the help you need.